Technical Research

Research & Whitepapers

Discover how first-party identity resolution, real-time behavioral intelligence, and ad fraud detection drive higher conversions, better ROAS, and measurable revenue growth.

Bot Detection

The Bot Evasion Atlas: How Modern Bots Hide — and How They Get Caught

How stealth browsers fake human fingerprints, and the signals they can't fake: ClickStream's 11-category taxonomy, 158-bot registry, and two-layer detection.

Read Whitepaper → Identity Graphs

Identity Graph Architecture: How Person-Level Resolution Works

Inside ClickStream's identity graph architecture: deterministic and probabilistic matching, confidence bands, tenant HMAC isolation, and the merges it refuses.

Read Whitepaper → First-Party Data

The First 24 Hours of First-Party Data: From Tag to Insight

A first-party data setup guide to day one on ClickStream: DNS in minutes, SSL under 60 seconds, 400-day cookies, and the dashboard at hours 1, 6, and 24.

Read Whitepaper → Measurement

Canonical Metrics: Why an Honest Dashboard Disagrees With Itself

Pageviews, visitors, sessions, and people are different cuts of one event stream. Why honest dashboards disagree — and the register that keeps them honest.

Read Whitepaper → Identity Resolution

First-Party Cookies Are the Gold Standard for Identity

How proxy iframe architecture maximizes visitor recognition while surviving ITP, ETP, and Chrome Privacy Sandbox restrictions.

Read Whitepaper → Behavioral Analytics

Edge-Computed Behavioral Intelligence

26 real-time scoring models, p95 under 3 ms per event (CI-enforced benchmark). Feature extraction pipeline, 4-phase model architecture, and dual-dataset storage.

Read Whitepaper → Data Privacy

Data Sovereignty & PII Architecture

AES-256-GCM per-site encryption, dual-hash strategy, 90-day TTL auto-scrubbing, and GDPR/CCPA compliance by architectural design.

Read Whitepaper → Identity Graphs

Cross-Device Identity Resolution

Identity graph data model, graph resolution algorithm, deterministic vs probabilistic matching, and confidence scoring across devices.

Read Whitepaper → Fraud Detection

Fraud Detection via Behavioral Biometrics

Bot detection across 11 categories — 158 named bots including 38 AI agents — plus stealth-automation and scanner detection through behavioral pattern analysis.

Read Whitepaper → Forensics

Identity Attribution in Cybercrime Investigations

An exploration of behavioral signatures in forensics: mouse dynamics, device fingerprint consistency, and network-level signals in identity attribution.

Read Whitepaper →